Pdf in this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice. Often incorrectly called the true tarantula, lycosa spp. Predators, such as hunting spiders, could enter some of the cages to feed. Major pests of rice and their management agriedu4u. Both male and female spiders attacked all stages of the mirid. International journal of zoological research now accepting new submissions. Scientific name of rice is oryza sativa, it comes under the grass family poaceae. The respirometer was run at the mean temperatures prevailing month by month in the litter layer from which the experimental animals were collected and equations relating standard respiration rate to spider.
An adult could consume as many as 22 mirids per day. Our aim in this work was to perform a comparative analysis of the meiosis in lycosa erythrognatha lucas. In this backdrop, this pocket book is prepared to strengthen the field diagnosis procedure of faw for the farmers, extension workers, students and other stakeholders etc. Lycosa pseudoannulata feeds on rice pests such as leafhoppers and planthoppers, but also on other beneficial species such as the mirid cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Lycosa pseudoannulata, tetragnatha maxillosa, atypena formosana, microvelia douglasi atrolineata, pseudogonatopus sp. Animal behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution.
Cytogenetic studies of three lycosidae species from. Splashing water on the rice plant caused all the spiders to move up and down the plant or away from the plant. Although adding either wolf spiders or insecticide to. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Lycosidae were studied age had a significant effect on courtship latency, courtship intensity, and mating duration of the p. In this study, we focus on cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Maximizing the crop yield on a limited area of arable land is an absolute necessity. Behavior of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boes. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, akhtar ali khan and others published biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg and strand araneae. Differences between stages or sexes were obscure both in. In this work, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the population dynamics of brown planthopper, which is a major insect pest of rice, and its natural enemies namely cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata.
The metabolic costs of this strategy were evaluated using a gilson respirometer. The uruguayan coastline, where most of the studies regarding the biology of a. Spiracles of the lungs in book spiders are almost closed in the animal at rest davies and edney, 1952. Irrn guidelines the international rice research newsletter objective is. Lycosidae in a northwest area of kanto plain, central japan. An wolf spider, lycosa pseudoannulata, collected from the field were reared in test tubes supplied with fruit flies as the food, and the number and weight of fruit flies killed per unit time and the weight of residuum of killed flies were recorded. Interactions between biological control efforts and.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Thesis agriculture books, references, online library. Modelling the population dynamics of brown planthopper. Quantitative evaluation of predation by spiders on the. Toxic effects of two insecticides on brown plant hopper. In the absence of its natural enemies, brown plant hopper can recover and damage the crop. One spider eats up to 20 brown plant hoppers per day. Helpful insects, spiders, and pathogens books international rice. Lycosa pseudoannulata has a forkshaped mark on the back and the abdomen has white markings. Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae.
To elucidate the basic food requirement of spiders, the important polyphagous predators of rice. Ku501289 was obtained by race technology, which has an open reading frame of 1662 bp. It is estimated that weeds, plant diseases, and pre and postharvest pests. The effects of age on the courtship, copulation and fecundity of pardosa pseudoannulata araneae. Species edit pardosa abagensis ovtsharenko, 1979 russia, abkhazia.
It is widely distributed in south and southeast asia, australia only in tropical areas, oceania and some pacific islands cie, 1984. Spraying insecticides early in the growing season kills most of the brown plant hoppers, but the spiders are even more sensitive to the chemical. Predation by the spider on this mirid was evaluated in functional response experiments in the insectary. Oxygen consumption, book lungs, mygalomorph spider. International journal of zoological research volume 2. Threat to rice production in asia low initial density, steep and steady population growth, clumped spatial distribution, and violent density fluctuations from year to year. Pests of rice, symptoms and their management rice is one of indias major staple food crop.
Species formerly classified as lycosa were the most studied ones. Starvation time and predatory efficiency of spider species. This genus includes the european lycosa tarantula, which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever. Cytogenetic studies of the family lycosidae arachnida. In addition to four aches ppache14 we identified from p. The brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal homoptera, delphacidae become a serious pest in tropical asia in the 1970s. Scope of plant protection a practical point of view. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can. Effect of temperature and prey abundance on mass rearing. Efforts have also been made to provide the information on native biocontrol agents and basic management practices to be. The lungs of mygalomorph spiders have been reported as highly refined.
The factors enabling lycosa pseudoannulata, a common predator in wetland rice, to hide under water were studied using an aquarium in which a potted rice plant was placed. During an investigation into the effectiveness of this method, brown plant hoppers were put into cages in rice fields. Lycosa is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world. Search rates and handling times were evaluated by a series of separate functional response experiments for each class size of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg and strand searching six. Ecology of the brown planthopper in temperate regions. In the life of the spider, fabres careful observations of the species tarantula, the banded epeira, the narbonne lycosa, the crab spider and the. There are many natural enemies that have been used as the biological control agent for controlling the outbreak of brown planthoppers such as cyrtorhinus lividipennis and lycosa pseudoannulata 8,9,10,11. Pardosa amentata adopts a sitandwait predation strategy with periodic changes of site. When the cumulative number of flies killed by a spider was plotted against time after the beginning of food supply, the angle of the curve obtained. Thermal biology has been poorly studied in spiders. Relationship between fresh y and dry x weights of spiders inhabiting the bottom layer of the rice. The change from darkness to light did not generally affect the spiders.
To analyse the model theoretically, the geometric singular perturbation method is employed. Functional response parameters of the wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata on different bph nymph densities in microcosm. The wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata is a dominant predator in paddy ecosystem and an important biological control agent of rice pests. Wolf spiders are highly mobile and readily colonize newly. Yasuhiro fujii 1 1 department of biology, the nippon dental university released 20070329. There are about 38,000 described species of spider worldwide. Temperature represents a primary factor influencing its biology and behavior, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Preliminary studies on the respiratory energy loss of a. The plant hoppers could not leave the cages but were able to feed. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Pulli carrying behaviour in wolf spiders lycosidae, araneae 147 other lycosids collected and reared to compare with lycosa sp. Pdf biology of wolf spider lycosa pseudoannulata boesenberg. To expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. Dynamical modeling of the control of brown planthoppers by.
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